C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u1eefu c\u01a1 trong \u0111\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1eb1m \u1edf nh\u1eefng l\u1edbp tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng, g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c kh\u00ed sinh h\u1ecdc, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n hu\u1ef7 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t m\u00f9n humin. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u1eefu c\u01a1 trong \u0111\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu, \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u1eefu c\u01a1 trong \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ebfp lo\u1ea1i theo c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t m\u00f9n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u00a0kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u00f9n nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c cacbuahydro, protein, m\u1ee1… C\u00e1c axit h\u1eefu c\u01a1 b\u1eadc th\u1ea5p c\u00f3 trong \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kho\u00e1ng ho\u00e1 nhanh b\u1edfi c\u00e1c vi sinh v\u1eadt, v\u00ec v\u1eady tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd trong \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang r\u1ea5t ng\u1eafn. C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t m\u00f9n, ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, c\u00f3 t\u00ednh axit v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 m\u00e0u s\u1eabm, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t th\u01a1m \u0111a \u0111i\u1ec7n ly v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9a oxi. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 b\u1eadc trung gian c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kho\u00e1ng ho\u00e1 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 trong m\u00f9n v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00fat n\u01b0\u1edbc, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i ion c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u00e1c ion kim lo\u1ea1i. \u0110\u00e3 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t humin, tuy nhi\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1, khi b\u1ecb r\u1eeda tr\u00f4i v\u00e0o m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec ch\u00fang ph\u00e2n ly th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m h\u1eefu c\u01a1. Tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u00e0n tan, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia ch\u1ea5t m\u00f9n th\u00e0nh 3 d\u1ea1ng: axit humic, axit fulvic v\u00e0 c\u00e1c humin.<\/p>\n
Ngo\u00e0i ra trong \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c cacbuahydro chi\u1ebfm 5 – 20% t\u1ed5ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1eefu c\u01a1 trong \u0111\u1ea5t. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u00e1c ion kim lo\u1ea1i \u00a0t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh sinh h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra trong \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n
V\u00ec c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 trong \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1ea1o ph\u1ee9c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kho\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t n\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t keo l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng, ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t h\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kho\u00e1ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t v\u1edbi nhau qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5. H\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 trong \u0111\u1ea5t quy \u0111\u1ecbnh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. V\u00ec n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o cho c\u00e1c vi sinh v\u1eadt ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t, x\u00fac ti\u1ebfn cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t m\u00e0 c\u00e2y c\u1ed1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ea5p thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 cung c\u1ea5p th\u1ee9c \u0103n cho c\u00e1c vi sinh v\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt trong \u0111\u1ea5t; tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 trao \u0111\u1ed5i ion, gi\u1eef c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t, ngo\u00e0i ra ch\u00fang c\u00f2n g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kho\u00e1ng ho\u00e1 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4 c\u01a1.<\/p>\n
D\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, c\u00e1c vi sinh v\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 trong \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i theo hai h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u01a1 ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 m\u00f9n ho\u00e1. V\u00f4 c\u01a1 ho\u00e1 l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n hu\u1ef7 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4 c\u01a1 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i mu\u1ed1i kho\u00e1ng; c\u00f2n m\u00f9n ho\u00e1 l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 \u00a0c\u1ea3 ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4 c\u01a1 th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t m\u00f9n \u0111en g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u00f9n \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean. M\u00f9n ch\u1ee9a r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho c\u00e2y. M\u00f9n l\u00e0m cho \u0111\u1ea5t x\u1ed1p, gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m v\u00e0 gi\u1eef m\u00e0u m\u1ee1 cho \u0111\u1ea5t. Nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t m\u00f9n t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c l\u1edbp quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 ph\u1ee9c ch\u1ea5t trong \u0111\u1ea5t, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t keo \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n
\u00a0Theo Ph\u1ea1m Th\u1ecb H\u00e0 (Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc S\u01b0 Ph\u1ea1m \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng)<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 ch\u1ec9 chi\u1ebfm 2 – 5 % t\u1ed5ng kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t nh\u01b0ng r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 sinh v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00f3i chung, ch\u00fang tham gia v\u00e0o r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ho\u00e1 sinh h\u1ecdc trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":633,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[38],"tags":[49,50],"class_list":["post-419","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kien-thuc-phan-bon","tag-chat-huu-co","tag-dat","cat-38-id"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.luuich.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/419","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.luuich.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.luuich.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.luuich.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.luuich.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=419"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"http:\/\/www.luuich.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/419\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":637,"href":"http:\/\/www.luuich.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/419\/revisions\/637"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.luuich.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/633"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.luuich.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=419"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.luuich.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=419"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.luuich.vn\/vn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=419"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}